Going to the movies may not seem like a novel way for little kids to spend an afternoon. But have you ever brought your child to see a Disney flick and ended up viewing trailers for Jeepers Creepers 2 or Freddie vs. Jason? When this happened in a Birmingham, Alabama cinema last year, parents became concerned about what the main attraction would be. But before the managers at the cinema could turn off the previews, the main attraction came on, and it wasn’t Piglet. Instead they were presented with the gruesome opening of Wrong Turn, an 18-rated slasher flick in much the same vein as the previews.

Is there a more genre more criticized than the horror film? Not bloody likely. There’s the argument that horror films are socially and morally irresponsible, even influencing some people to imitate the brutal methods of the killers portrayed on screen. Horror films actually have the opposite effect on normal people – sick minds will commit atrocities anyway. Watching horror films lets us encounter our secret fears, share them with other viewers, and eliminate the terror by meeting it head-on.

The genre is almost as old as cinema itself – the silent short film Le Manoir du Diable directed by Georges M

The Monster Archaic
[A haunting bullfight in Lima]

1
The Bull Fight

I tell you this for a truth. Well, it all started out simple and my Grandfather, wellsomething inside his head got triggered. It all took place in the bull-ring at Lima, 1923. My Grandpapa was born in l886, and had retired from boxing long before, unwillingly, but kind of had to. Oh, he had fought the best, Jack Johnson, Sullivan, and then, well I will tell you the story. I didn’t see it happen, how could I, I wasn’t born yet. It was a mystery for many years to me and many others, but I know how he was, and the Peruvian woman he said he was in love with, fine, Latin blood she had, but she didn’t understand, I doubt anyone in Peru understood that warm hot summer day when Anatolee, the blue-eyed gringo went mad, nutty.

He was a brave man though, let no one say otherwise, six foot three, two hundred and fifty pounds, maybe a bit more than that, I can tell by his pictures somewhat, and I read his history. He was from Russia, came over to America as a youth, learned how to fight like Sullivan and Dempsey in the bars and then in the ring. I am Russian myself, in that capacity, like my Grandpapa. The Peruvians laughed at him when he stood up and yelled at the capadores sitting in the arena, when he slipped and the bull gored him, a breathless moment I do expect, perhaps this was the moment the fans took notice of him, for he did it unexpectedly, and thought him a fool, oh I suppose he was more then excited, more than he wished to be anyhow, ‘it is their bullfight,’ he murmured,’ so it is said, and he sat back down.

The lovely Se

Sir Roy Strong, the eminent English historian and former director of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, has ridiculed the television programme ‘I’m a celebrity Get me out of Here!’ in a recent article in ‘The Daily Mail’.

“It made we feel utterly ashamed to be British”, he lamented. For those of you lucky enough not to know what this programme is about, let me explain. It chooses a number of celebrities and puts them in an artificial situation. In the latest series they were dropped in the Australian jungle and put through a number of ordeals such as having insects poured on their heads! As always there was a mixture of personalities with the emphasis on young people of the opposite sex being together. These could be relied on to use bad language, take off most of their clothes or even have sex.

Sir Roy deplores that “the country of Purcell, Shakespeare, Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill had sunk so low. It’s not just that so many people watched ‘I’m a Celebrity’ (14 million) and the vacuous behaviour of its victims, but that they actually gloated over such puerile antics in their homes.”

Although Sir Roy Strong is an eminent historian, it is difficult to understand his surprise at 14 million people gloating over this gibberish. When he refers to “the country of Purcell, Shakespeare, Isaac Newton” you have to giggle. When did the majority of English show any interest or love of Shakespeare (endured at school by the majority) or the classical music of Purcell or the scientific theories of Newton? Anyone with any acquaintance with English people will know that these are the interests of the few, even the elite.

This is precisely the problem. On the one hand we have an elite who enjoy these cultural pursuits, and on the other the vast majority who are glued to their televisions watching ‘I’m a Celebrity’ or soap operas such as ‘Eastenders’. However, as an historian I am sure Sir Roy is aware of the origin of this problem in the educational system at the end of the Victorian period.

The Victorians did not encourage education among the working masses. They were employed in dreadful conditions in dangerous factories, on low wages on the farms of big landowners and in virtual servitude in domestic service. Added to this there was the constant demand to fill the ranks of the army and navy to maintain the largest empire in the world. In 1870 an Education Act was passed allowing all children between 5 and 10 to go to school. However, as their parents had to pay a small fee, most children did not attend. Only in 1891 when education was made free for children under 10 did the majority go to school. Even then many did not, as their parents were poor and they preferred to send them to work to earn income for the family.

The rich Victorians were happy with an uneducated underclass which they could control politically. The legacy of this educational exclusion of the majority continues to the present day in England. Hence, the appetite for trashy television programmes such as ‘I ‘m a Celebrity’. I am afraid Sir Roy, the majority of English were always philistines. The Victorian legacy has proved too powerful to undo.

© John Lynch 2004

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